Friedemann Vogel was born in Stuttgart. He received his ballet training at the John Cranko Schule in Stuttgart and subsequently received the John Gilpin scholarship to study with Marika Besobrasova at the Académie de Danse Classique Princesse Grace in Monaco. In 1998 he became a member of the Stuttgart Ballet and was promoted to Principal Dancer in 2001. In 2015, the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg bestowed him with the title “Kammertaenzer”, the highest distinction a dancer can achieve in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Over the course of his career Friedemann Vogel has been honoured with numerous awards and prizes. In 1997, he won the Prix de Lausanne, the Junior-Gold-Medal and the First Talent Prize at the Prix de Luxembourg as well as the Gold Medal at the Eurocity Competition Italy. The following year he won the International Ballet Competition in Jackson, USA and in 2002 the Erik-Bruhn-Prize in Toronto. In 2010 and 2019 he was named “Dancer of the year” by the magazine tanz. In 2011 the Italian dance magazine Danza&Danza also named him “Best Dancer”; in 2020 he was named in the Critics' Choices of the magazines Dance Europe and tanz as "Dancer of the Year". In September 2012 he was awarded the „Positano Premio la Danza – Leonide Massine“ as best international male dancer, in 2016 he won the Prix MAYA. In May 2020 he received the "Outstanding Performer" award of the German Dance Prize 2020.

Friedemann Vogel’s extensive repertory includes the title roles in numerous classical ballets as well as solo roles in ballets by renowned choreographers such as John Cranko, George Balanchine, Jerome Robbins, Maurice Béjart, Kenneth MacMillan, Jiří Kylián, John Neumeier, William Forsythe, Wayne McGregor, Mauro Bigonzetti, Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui, Akram Khan and Marco Goecke.

Guest performances and tours with the Stuttgart Ballet have lead him amongst others to the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, the Scala in Milano, the Teatro dell’Opera di Roma, the English National Ballet, the Tokyo Ballet, Korean National Ballet and Hong Kong Ballet, the Ballet de Santiago de Chile, the Finnish National Ballet, the Staatsballet Berlin, the Bayerisches Staatsballett, the Staatsballett Wien, Ballett Zürich as well as to the Royal Swedish Ballet and the Béjart Ballet Lausanne. As of 2014 he is also a guest Soloist of the Mikhailovsky Theatre in St. Petersburg.